암흑 물질 분포 역설

천체 물리학자들은 우주에 있는 암흑 물질의 “덩어리”가 0.76이라는 것을 발견했는데, 이는 우주 마이크로파 배경 값인 0.83과 충돌하는 숫자로, 오류 가능성이나 불완전한 우주 모델을 나타냅니다. 이 연구는 Subaru의 전략적 Hyper Supreme-Cam 프로그램의 데이터를 사용했으며 이 가려진 불일치를 추가로 조사할 것입니다.

NAOJ와 Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe를 포함한 다양한 기관의 천체물리학자와 우주론자로 구성된 국제 팀은 5개의 논문 세트를 발표했습니다. x로서의 우주론자₈. 보고된 값은 0.76으로 비교적 최근의 우주를 관찰한 다른 중력 렌즈 조사에서 찾은 값과 일치하지만 우주 마이크로파 배경에서 파생된 0.83 값과는 일치하지 않습니다. . 약 38만년. 이 두 값의 차이는 적지만 우발적인 것으로 보이지는 않습니다. 확률은 지금까지 알려지지 않은 버그 또는 이 두 측정 중 하나에 버그가 있거나 표준 우주 모델이 흥미로운 방식으로 불완전하다는 것입니다.

우리 우주의 표준 모델은 몇 가지 숫자에 의해 결정됩니다. 즉, 우주의 팽창률은 암흑 물질의 밀도(S₈), 우주 구성 요소(물질, 암흑 물질 및 암흑 에너지)의 상대적 기여도, 우주의 전체 밀도, 대규모 우주 덩어리가 소규모 우주 덩어리와 어떻게 관련되는지 설명하는 기술적 양. 우주론자들은 우주 마이크로파 배경의 요동을 관찰하거나 우주의 팽창 역사를 모델링하거나 비교적 최근 과거의 우주 클러스터링을 측정하는 등 다양한 방식으로 이러한 수치를 제한함으로써 이 모델을 시험하기를 열망하고 있습니다.

그림 2: HSC-SSP에서 파생된 암흑 물질의 3D 분포 예. 이 지도는 1년차 데이터를 이용해 얻은 것이지만, 이번 연구는 그보다 3배 더 큰 하늘의 면적을 조사했다. 크레딧: 도쿄 대학/NAOJ

도쿄 대학 Kavli IPMU의 천문학자들이 이끄는 팀,[{” attribute=””>Nagoya University, Princeton University, and the astronomical communities of Japan and Taiwan, spent the past year teasing out the secrets of the most elusive material, dark matter, using sophisticated computer simulations and data from the first three years of the Hyper Suprime-Cam Subaru Strategic Program (HSC-SSP). The observation program used one of the most powerful astronomical cameras in the world, Hyper Suprime-Cam (HSC) mounted on the Subaru Telescope. The HSC-SSP data that the research team used covers about 420 square degrees of the sky, about the equivalent of 2000 full moons.

Clumps of dark matter distort the light of distant galaxies through weak gravitational lensing, a phenomenon predicted by Einstein’s General Theory of Relativity. This distortion is a really small effect; the shape of a single galaxy is distorted by an imperceptible amount. But the team measured the distortion with quite high precision by combining the measurements for 25 million faint galaxies that are billions of light-years away. Then, the team measured the clumpiness of the Universe today (Figure 3).

Figure3: The measurement results of S8 parameter from HSC-SSP Year 3 data. The chart shows the results from four different methods, which used different parts of the HSC-SSP Year 3 data or combined the HSC-SSP Year 3 data with other data. For comparison, “Planck CMB” shows the measurement result for S8 from the cosmic microwave background data from the Planck satellite. “Other weak lensing results” shows the results from similar weak lensing measurements based on the Dark Energy Survey (DES) and Kilo-Degree Survey (KiDS) data. Credit: Kavli IPMU

The discrepancy between the S₈ values of HSC-SSP and the Planck satellite is very subtle. The team thinks that the measurement was done correctly and carefully. And the statistics show that there’s only a one in 20 probability that the difference is just due to chance, which is compelling but not completely definitive. The team will further pursue this compelling inconsistency using the full HSC-SSP data set and refined methods. The team might discover something new about the Universe, so please stay tuned.

For more on this research, see Measuring Dark Matter With Hyper Suprime-Cam Reveals Discrepancy.

References:

“Hyper Suprime-Cam Year 3 Results: Cosmology from Galaxy Clustering and Weak Lensing with HSC and SDSS using the Emulator Based Halo Model” by Hironao Miyatake, Sunao Sugiyama, Masahiro Takada, Takahiro Nishimichi, Xiangchong Li, Masato Shirasaki, Surhud More, Yosuke Kobayashi, Atsushi J. Nishizawa, Markus M. Rau, Tianqing Zhang, Ryuichi Takahashi, Roohi Dalal, Rachel Mandelbaum, Michael A. Strauss, Takashi Hamana, Masamune Oguri, Ken Osato, Wentao Luo, Arun Kannawadi, Bau-Ching Hsieh, Robert Armstrong, Yutaka Komiyama, Robert H. Lupton, Nate B. Lust, Lauren A. MacArthur, Satoshi Miyazaki, Hitoshi Murayama, Yuki Okura, Paul A. Price, Tomomi Sunayama, Philip J. Tait, Masayuki Tanaka and Shiang-Yu Wang, 3 April 2023, Astrophysics > Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics.
arXiv:2304.00704

“Hyper Suprime-Cam Year 3 Results: Measurements of Clustering of SDSS-BOSS Galaxies, Galaxy-Galaxy Lensing and Cosmic Shear” by Surhud More, Sunao Sugiyama, Hironao Miyatake, Markus Michael Rau, Masato Shirasaki, Xiangchong Li, Atsushi J. Nishizawa, Ken Osato, Tianqing Zhang, Masahiro Takada, Takashi Hamana, Ryuichi Takahashi, Roohi Dalal, Rachel Mandelbaum, Michael A. Strauss, Yosuke Kobayashi, Takahiro Nishimichi, Masamune Oguri, Arun Kannawadi, Robert Armstrong, Yutaka Komiyama, Robert H. Lupton, Nate B. Lust, Satoshi Miyazaki, Hitoshi Murayama, Yuki Okura, Paul A. Price, Philip J. Tait, Masayuki Tanaka and Shiang-Yu Wang, 3 April 2023, Astrophysics > Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics.
arXiv:2304.00703

“Hyper Suprime-Cam Year 3 Results: Cosmology from Galaxy Clustering and Weak Lensing with HSC and SDSS using the Minimal Bias Model” by Sunao Sugiyama, Hironao Miyatake, Surhud More, Xiangchong Li, Masato Shirasaki, Masahiro Takada, Yosuke Kobayashi, Ryuichi Takahashi, Takahiro Nishimichi, Atsushi J. Nishizawa, Markus M. Rau, Tianqing Zhang, Roohi Dalal, Rachel Mandelbaum, Michael A. Strauss, Takashi Hamana, Masamune Oguri, Ken Osato, Arun Kannawadi, Robert Armstrong, Yutaka Komiyama, Robert H. Lupton, Nate B. Lust, Satoshi Miyazaki, Hitoshi Murayama, Yuki Okura, Paul A. Price, Philip J. Tait, Masayuki Tanaka and Shiang-Yu Wang, 3 April 2023, Astrophysics > Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics.
arXiv:2304.00705

“Hyper Suprime-Cam Year 3 Results: Cosmology from Cosmic Shear Power Spectra” by Roohi Dalal, Xiangchong Li, Andrina Nicola, Joe Zuntz, Michael A. Strauss, Sunao Sugiyama, Tianqing Zhang, Markus M. Rau, Rachel Mandelbaum, Masahiro Takada, Surhud More, Hironao Miyatake, Arun Kannawadi, Masato Shirasaki, Takanori Taniguchi, Ryuichi Takahashi, Ken Osato, Takashi Hamana, Masamune Oguri, Atsushi J. Nishizawa, Andrés A. Plazas Malagón, Tomomi Sunayama, David Alonso, Anže Slosar, Robert Armstrong, James Bosch, Yutaka Komiyama, Robert H. Lupton, Nate B. Lust, Lauren A. MacArthur, Satoshi Miyazaki, Hitoshi Murayama, Takahiro Nishimichi, Yuki Okura, Paul A. Price, Philip J. Tait, Masayuki Tanaka and Shiang-Yu Wang, 3 April 2023, Astrophysics > Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics.
arXiv:2304.00701

“Hyper Suprime-Cam Year 3 Results: Cosmology from Cosmic Shear Two-point Correlation Functions” by Xiangchong Li, Tianqing Zhang, Sunao Sugiyama, Roohi Dalal, Markus M. Rau, Rachel Mandelbaum, Masahiro Takada, Surhud More, Michael A. Strauss, Hironao Miyatake, Masato Shirasaki, Takashi Hamana, Masamune Oguri, Wentao Luo, Atsushi J. Nishizawa, Ryuichi Takahashi, Andrina Nicola, Ken Osato, Arun Kannawadi, Tomomi Sunayama, Robert Armstrong, Yutaka Komiyama, Robert H. Lupton, Nate B. Lust, Satoshi Miyazaki, Hitoshi Murayama, Takahiro Nishimichi, Yuki Okura, Paul A. Price, Philip J. Tait, Masayuki Tanaka, Shiang-Yu Wang, 3 April 2023, Astrophysics > Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics.
arXiv:2304.00702

This research was supported by the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program (DGE-2039656); the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan; the Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe; the University of Tokyo; the High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK); the Academia Sinica Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics in Taiwan; Princeton University; the FIRST program from the Japanese Cabinet Office; the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT); the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science; the Japan Science and Technology Agency; the Toray Science Foundation; and the Vera C. Rubin Observatory.